"id","castle","country","guide_url","siege","start","end","besieger","holder","outcome","terms","secondary_outcome","razed_or_slighted_after","counted","list","sources_disagree","duration_band","duration_band_excluded_because","duration_phrase","note","source1","source2","ledger_status"
"dover-castle-1067","Dover Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dover-castle/","Attack by the men of Kent and Count Eustace of Boulogne (1067)","1067","1067","Men of Kent in league with Count Eustace of Boulogne","William I's garrison (Odo of Bayeux and Hugh de Montfort absent)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","An attack, not a sustained siege.","https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/heritage-gateway/results/record/c243caee-fd96-4d6f-ac56-2b804b37d81b/1019075","","counted"
"nuremberg-castle-1105","Nuremberg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/nuremberg-castle/","Siege of Nuremberg (castle and town) by the rebel King Henry V","1105 (after July)","1105","Henry V, in revolt against his father","Garrison and townspeople loyal to Emperor Henry IV (the emperor himself not present)","surrendered","on-terms","starved-out","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","two months ('Zwei Monate hindurch')","","https://archive.org/details/10022804bsb","https://archive.org/details/00009647bsb","counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1109","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","Henry I takes Gisors back from Thibaud Payen","","1109","Henry I, King of England (from 1100) and Duke of Normandy (from 1106)","Thibaud Payen, lord of Gisors (conceded the fortress by Robert Curthose in 1101)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","https://www.persee.fr/doc/arcme_0153-9337_1990_num_20_1_975","","counted"
"nuremberg-castle-1130","Nuremberg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/nuremberg-castle/","Siege of Nuremberg by Lothar III against the Staufer brothers","1130","1130-12 (before Christmas)","King Lothar III with Duke Henry the Proud of Bavaria","Staufer partisans of Conrad and Frederick of Swabia","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/EN:Nuremberg_Castle","https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Heinrich_X.","counted"
"cochem-castle-1151","Cochem Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/cochem-castle/","Conrad III takes Cochem in the dispute over the Rhenish palatinate","1151","1151","King Conrad III","Palatine claimant (the guide and sources do not name the holder)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","y","","","","Sources disagree: Thon says besieged and conquered (belagert und erobert), the operator says occupied (besetzte). Neither says how it ended.","https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Epochen-und-Themen/Themen/burgen-an-der-mosel/DE-2086/lido/5b432ce779a218.22316967","https://reichsburg-cochem.de/die-burg/","counted"
"tower-of-london-1191","Tower of London","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/tower-of-london/","John's attack on the Tower held by William Longchamp (1191)","1191","1191","The King's brother John (count of Mortain)","William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, Richard I's chief minister","starved-out","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://www.hrp.org.uk/media/1490/2016-03-31_tol_whsmanagementplan_v1.pdf","","counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1193","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","Gisors passes to Philip Augustus during Richard I's captivity","","1193","Philip II Augustus","Gilbert de Vascoeuil, captain, for Richard I","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","y","","","","Sources disagree: an amicable arrangement (Mesqui and Toussaint, 1990) or treachery (Mesqui, 2011). Neither version describes a siege.","https://www.persee.fr/doc/arcme_0153-9337_1990_num_20_1_975","https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_2011_num_169_4_8004","counted"
"windsor-castle-1193","Windsor Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/windsor-castle/","John's seizure of Windsor (1193)","1193","1193","John (count of Mortain), in rebellion","King Richard I's custodians","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol3/pp5-29","","counted"
"windsor-castle-1193-b","Windsor Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/windsor-castle/","Siege of Windsor by Richard I's party (1193)","1193","","Walter of Coutances, Archbishop of Rouen (constable), leading the barons for Richard I","John's adherents","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol3/pp5-29","","counted"
"chateau-gaillard-1204","Château Gaillard","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-gaillard/","Siege of Château Gaillard by Philip Augustus","1203-09","1204-03-06","Philip II Augustus of France (r. 1180-1223)","Roger de Lacy, constable of Chester, for King John","mined-or-breached","","starved-out","n","y","siege ledger","n","six to twelve months","","six months (Powicke); the storming 'in tribus septimanis', three weeks (Guillaume le Breton); 'nearly a year' (Wendover, an outlier)","","https://archive.org/details/lossofnormandy00powi","https://archive.org/details/uvresderigordetd01rigouoft","counted"
"chateau-de-chinon-1205","Château de Chinon","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-chinon/","Siege of Chinon by Philip Augustus","1204","1205-06-23","Philip II Augustus of France (blockade led by Guillaume des Roches per Delaborde's note)","King John of England; constable Hubert de Burgh","stormed","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","six to twelve months","","après un siège de neuf mois (operator); blockade set after 10 Aug 1204 'superveniente hyeme' (Rigord's continuator)","","https://www.forteressechinon.fr/decouvrir-la-forteresse/son-histoire/1205","https://archive.org/details/uvresderigordetd210rigo","counted"
"carcassonne-castle-1209","Carcassonne Castle","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/carcassonne-castle/","Siege of Carcassonne 1209 (Albigensian Crusade)","1209-08-01","1209-08-15","Crusade army under the legate Arnaud Amalric","Raymond-Roger Trencavel, viscount of Béziers and Carcassonne","starved-out","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","CMN: 'assiégée à partir du 1er août' ... 'tombe au bout de 15 jours de siège, le 15 août 1209'","","https://www.remparts-carcassonne.fr/decouvrir/histoire-du-monument","https://archive.org/details/india.history.resource.85055","counted"
"chateau-de-termes-1210","Château de Termes","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-termes/","Siege of Termes 1210 (Simon de Montfort)","1210","1210-11-22","Simon de Montfort and the crusade army (with the bishops of Chartres and Beauvais, the counts of Dreux and Ponthieu, later Lorraine foot)","Raymond de Termes","abandoned","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","près de quatre mois (AMPM); taken 'la veille de saint Clement' (PVC)","","https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38313","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/termes/","counted"
"framlingham-castle-1216","Framlingham Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/framlingham-castle/","King John's siege of Framlingham (1216)","1216","1216","King John","Roger Bigod II's garrison","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","'After two days' (EH)","","https://web.archive.org/web/20260513100429/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/framlingham-castle/","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/framlingham-castle/history/history/","counted"
"windsor-castle-1216","Windsor Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/windsor-castle/","Baronial siege of Windsor during Louis of France's invasion (1216)","1216-06","1216-09","Barons supporting Louis of France, led by the Count of Nevers","King John; garrison under Fawkes de Bréauté, constable Engelard de Cygony","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","from June to September","","https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol3/pp5-29","","counted"
"dover-castle-1216","Dover Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dover-castle/","First siege of Dover by Louis of France (1216)","1216-07-22","1216-10-14","Louis of France (son of Philip II) with rebel barons","King John; Hubert de Burgh, justiciar and constable of Dover","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","from 'probably on 22 July 1216' to the truce of 14 October","A mine brought down a gate tower; the castle held.","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/inspire-me/blog/blog-posts/the-great-siege-of-dover-castle-1216/","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/dover-castle/history-and-stories/the-sieges-of-dover/","counted"
"dover-castle-1217","Dover Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dover-castle/","Second siege of Dover by Louis of France (1217)","1217-05-12","1217-05","Louis of France","Henry III's government; Hubert de Burgh","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","'only about ten days into the siege' (Kightly); 'barely a fortnight' (guide)","Broken off because of events elsewhere.","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/dover-castle/history-and-stories/the-sieges-of-dover/","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/inspire-me/blog/blog-posts/the-great-siege-of-dover-castle-1216/","counted"
"carcassonne-castle-1240","Carcassonne Castle","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/carcassonne-castle/","Siege of Carcassonne 1240 (Raymond Trencavel II)","1240-09-09","1240","Raymond Trencavel II, son of the last viscount, with faidit lords and forces from Aragon, admitted to the Bourg by townsmen","Royal seneschal Guillaume des Ormes, with the archbishop of Narbonne and the bishop of Toulouse in the Cité","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","Puylaurens: 'Quand on eut combattu ainsi pendant presque un mois, un secours fut envoyé de France'","A relief force is recorded. The defenders countermined.","Puylaurens, trans. Duvernoy (CNRS)","https://www.remparts-carcassonne.fr/decouvrir/histoire-du-monument","counted"
"chateau-de-montsegur-1244","Château de Montségur","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-montsegur/","Siege of Montségur 1243-1244 (royal army under Hugues des Arcis)","1243-05","1244-03-02","French royal army under Hugues des Arcis, seneschal of Carcassonne, with Pierre Amiel, archbishop of Narbonne, and Durand, bishop of Albi","Raymond de Pereille (lord) and Pierre-Roger de Mirepoix (military commander), with the Cathar community","surrendered","on-terms","","y","y","siege ledger","n","six to twelve months","","operator: 'En mai 1243, l'armée royale vient assiéger le castrum' ... 'Le 2 mars 1244, les défenseurs capitulent' (about ten months); a second operator page says 'Ce siège durera 11 mois environ'","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://www.montsegur.fr/guide-de-visite-du-chateau-de-montsegur/","Puylaurens, trans. Duvernoy (CNRS)","counted"
"sterrenberg-castle-1249","Sterrenberg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/sterrenberg-castle/","William of Holland partly destroys Sterrenberg","1249","1249","Anti-king William of Holland","Lords of Bolanden (imperial ministeriales)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Damaged in the attack; the holder kept it.","https://www.ebidat.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=76","https://www.kuladig.de/Objektansicht/KLD-352207","counted"
"chateau-de-queribus-1255","Château de Quéribus","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-queribus/","Royal reduction of Quéribus, 1255","1255","1255-05","Pierre d'Auteuil, seneschal of Carcassonne, for Louis IX; Olivier de Termes credited with the operation","Chabert de Barbaira","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","Le siege dure moins d'un mois (AMPM)","","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/queribus/","https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00102667","counted"
"rheinfels-castle-1256","Rheinfels Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/rheinfels-castle/","Siege of Rheinfels by the Rhenish League of Cities","1255","1256","Rhenish League of Cities (Rheinischer Bund / Landfriedensbund)","Count Diether V of Katzenelnbogen","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","duration may descend from the 1493 chronicle","mehr als einjährige Belagerung (EBIDAT; caution)","","https://www.ebidat.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=648","https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/fileadmin/Superportal/Bibliothek/sammlungen/Ortslexikon/RheinfelsHOL.pdf","counted"
"windsor-castle-1263","Windsor Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/windsor-castle/","Siege of Windsor by Simon de Montfort (1263)","","1263-07-26","Simon de Montfort","The Lord Edward's foreign garrison","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol3/pp5-29","","counted"
"dover-castle-1265","Dover Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dover-castle/","Siege of Dover by the Lord Edward after Evesham (1265)","1265-10","1265-10","The Lord Edward (son of Henry III), with royalist prisoners who seized the great tower from within","Eleanor de Montfort; deputy constable Sir John de la Haye","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","'a short siege' cannot be banded honestly","'a short siege' (EH history page)","","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/dover-castle/history-and-stories/history/","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/women-in-history/eleanor-de-montfort/","counted"
"kenilworth-castle-1266","Kenilworth Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/kenilworth-castle/","Siege of Kenilworth by Henry III (1266)","1266-06-25","1266-12","Henry III and the Lord Edward","Supporters of the late Simon de Montfort (Henry de Hastings among the leaders)","starved-out","on-terms","surrendered","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","'Between 25 June and 13 December 1266, for a total of 172 days' (EH)","","https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/kenilworth-castle/history-and-stories/siege-kenilworth-castle/","https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/warks/vol6/pp132-143","counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1270","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's attack on the unfinished castle, October 1270","1270-10-13","1270-10","Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales","Gilbert de Clare (works unfinished)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","The castle was unfinished.","https://archive.org/details/brutytywysogiono00cara","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1272","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Gilbert de Clare's men retake the castle from the bishops by a ruse, February 1272","1272-02","1272-02","Gilbert de Clare's men (the constable of Cardiff Castle)","Custodians for the bishops of Coventry and Lichfield and of Worcester","betrayed-or-surprised","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","","counted"
"chateau-de-fleckenstein-1276","Château de Fleckenstein","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-fleckenstein/","Rudolf of Habsburg's siege of Fleckenstein","1276","1276","King Rudolf I of Habsburg (on behalf of Bishop Friedrich von Bolanden of Speyer)","the lord of Fleckenstein (Wolfram per the operator and the MGH editor; Heinrich per Redlich's index)","surrendered","at-will","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://www.fleckenstein.fr/1275/","https://archive.org/details/gri_33125006186726","counted"
"chateau-du-hohlandsbourg-1281","Château du Hohlandsbourg","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-du-hohlandsbourg/","Siege of the Hohlandsberg by the provincial bailiff and the burghers of Colmar","1281-12","1281-12-06","Otto von Ochsenstein, Landvogt (grand bailli) of Alsace, leading burghers of Colmar","Siegfried von Gundolsheim, deposed provost of Colmar and builder of the castle","uncertain","","","y","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://www.chateau-hohlandsbourg.com/le-chateau-et-son-histoire/","https://archive.org/details/bulletin09stragoog","counted"
"reichenstein-castle-1282","Reichenstein Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/reichenstein-castle/","Rudolf of Habsburg's siege and destruction of Reichenstein","1282","1282","King Rudolf I of Habsburg","Dietrich von Hohenfels","uncertain","","","y","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/fileadmin/Superportal/Bibliothek/sammlungen/Ortslexikon/ReichensteinHOL.pdf","https://www.kuladig.de/Objektansicht/KLD-360111","counted"
"sooneck-castle-1282","Sooneck Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/sooneck-castle/","Rudolf of Habsburg's siege and destruction of Sooneck","1282","1282","King Rudolf I of Habsburg","Lords of Hohenfels","uncertain","","","y","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://tor-zum-welterbe.de/sooneck/geschichte","https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/fileadmin/Superportal/Bibliothek/sammlungen/Ortslexikon/SooneckHOL.pdf","counted"
"dolwyddelan-castle-1283","Dolwyddelan Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dolwyddelan-castle/","Surrender of the Welsh garrison to Edward I's army, January 1283","","1283-01-18","Edward I's army","Welsh garrison of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's line (Llywelyn killed December 1282)","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","No siege is attested.","https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-165-462_1","https://archive.org/details/conwycastletownw0000ashb","counted"
"dolbadarn-castle-1283","Dolbadarn Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dolbadarn-castle/","Capture of Dolbadarn by Edward I's forces, 1283","","1283-05","Edward I's army","Dafydd ap Gruffudd (his last remaining stronghold)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","Taylor, Caernarfon Castle (Cadw)","https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-165-462_1","counted"
"caernarfon-castle-1294","Caernarfon Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caernarfon-castle/","Capture of the unfinished castle in Madog ap Llywelyn's revolt, autumn 1294","1294-09","1294","Welsh rebels in the revolt led by Madog ap Llywelyn","English crown (castle unfinished; town of the new borough, sheriff killed)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","y","","","","Sources disagree on how: the King's Works overview says ""the Welsh stormed Caernarvon"", Taylor's King's Works chapter that it was captured and sacked. The castle was unfinished.","https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-165-462_1","Taylor, Caernarfon Castle (Cadw)","counted"
"caernarfon-castle-1295","Caernarfon Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caernarfon-castle/","English recovery of Caernarfon, by summer 1295","","1295","Edward I's forces","Welsh rebels of Madog ap Llywelyn's revolt","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","Taylor, Caernarfon Castle (Cadw)","https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=3814","counted"
"harlech-castle-1295","Harlech Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/harlech-castle/","Madog ap Llywelyn's rising: Harlech cut off by land, supplied by sea, 1294-95","","1295-04","Welsh rising under Madog ap Llywelyn","English crown (custody: Robert de Staundon, justice of North Wales)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","A blockade. Supplied by sea.","https://archive.org/details/cu31924028052797","Taylor, Harlech Castle (Cadw)","counted"
"urquhart-castle-1296","Urquhart Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/urquhart-castle/","Capture by Edward I's invasion","","1296","Edward I of England","Scots (lordship of John Comyn)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/urquhart-castle/history-and-stories/","https://app-hes-pubs-prod-neu-01.azurewebsites.net/api/file/f3e38f4a-441a-4ad0-b933-a7b700db0b3b","counted"
"stirling-castle-1304","Stirling Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/stirling-castle/","Siege by Edward I (the War Wolf)","1304-04-22","1304","Edward I of England","Scottish garrison under Sir William Oliphant","surrendered","at-will","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","For three months","","https://blog.historicenvironment.scot/2024/04/the-war-wolf-at-stirling-castle/","https://app-hes-pubs-prod-neu-01.azurewebsites.net/api/file/e9290b01-525b-482d-b054-b35600fe3ac6","counted"
"wartburg-castle-1308","Wartburg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/wartburg-castle/","Siege of the Wartburg by royal (King Albrecht I) and Eisenach troops in the Wettin succession war","1306","1308","Royal troops of King Albrecht I (Habsburg), Eisenach townsmen and a Thuringian league of towns","Wettin defenders (sons of Landgrave Albrecht: Friedrich 'der Freidige')","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","more than a year","","1306 to 1308 ('in den Jahren 1306 bis 1308')","","https://www.wartburg.de/objekt-des-monats-archiv/die-zugbruecke-der-wartburg","https://www.wartburg.de/objekt-des-monats-archiv/modell-einer-blide","counted"
"edinburgh-castle-1314","Edinburgh Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/edinburgh-castle/","Recapture by Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray (escalade of the north face)","","1314-03-14","Scots under Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray","English garrison (constable killed)","stormed","","betrayed-or-surprised","y","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://web.archive.org/web/20240725025106id_/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/JSSSH/article/download/11277/11542","https://www.edinburghcastle.scot/the-castle/history","counted"
"stirling-castle-1314","Stirling Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/stirling-castle/","Siege by Edward Bruce and the Mowbray pact; surrender after Bannockburn","1313-06","1314-06","Scots under Edward Bruce, for Robert I","English garrison under Sir Philip de Mowbray","surrendered","on-terms","","y","y","siege ledger","n","six to twelve months","","besieged by Bruce's brother Edward in June 1313 ... if not relieved before 24 June 1314","A relief attempt failed. Razed or slighted afterward.","https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/BTL4","https://app-hes-pubs-prod-neu-01.azurewebsites.net/api/file/e9290b01-525b-482d-b054-b35600fe3ac6","counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1316","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Llywelyn Bren's attack, January-March 1316","1316-01-28","1316-03","Llywelyn Bren","Crown keeper (lordship of Glamorgan in the king's hands; keeper William de Berkerolles)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","from 28 January 1316 to the relief in March","A relief force is recorded.","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&id=13539","counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1327","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Siege of 1326-27 for Queen Isabella","1326","1327-03","Queen Isabella's forces (a William la Zouche leading; which of two men is unsettled)","Garrison of Edward II's party under Sir John de Felton and Hugh Despenser's son Hugh","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","Guide: from November 1326 until March 1327; CPR shows the siege 'still holds out' about 1 Dec 1326","","https://archive.org/details/calendarofpatent05grea","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1329","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Siege by William la Zouche of Mortimer, early 1329","1329-02","1329","William la Zouche of Mortimer, with Eleanor de Clare (Despenser's widow) in his company","Crown custodians (Edward III's government)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/calendarofpate01grea","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","counted"
"eltz-castle-1333","Eltz Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/eltz-castle/","Blockade of Burg Eltz in the Eltz Feud (Eltzer Fehde)","1331","1333","Archbishop-Elector Balduin (Baldwin) of Luxembourg, Trier","Johann von Eltz and the Eltz Ganerben (allied with Ehrenberg, Schöneck, Waldeck)","surrendered","on-terms","","y","y","siege ledger","n","more than a year","","Die Belagerung zur Einnahme von Burg Eltz dauerte zwei Jahre (KuLaDig)","A blockade. Razed or slighted afterward.","https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/tz/article/view/54987","https://www.kuladig.de/Objektansicht/KLD-287710","counted"
"stirling-castle-1336","Stirling Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/stirling-castle/","English reoccupation under Edward III","","1336","English (Edward III)","Scots (castle partly destroyed after 1314)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/stirling-castle/history-and-stories/","https://app-hes-pubs-prod-neu-01.azurewebsites.net/api/file/e9290b01-525b-482d-b054-b35600fe3ac6","counted"
"stirling-castle-1342","Stirling Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/stirling-castle/","Scottish recovery of the castle","","1342","Scots","English garrison","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Recorded as a change of hands; how is not recorded.","https://www.historicenvironment.scot/visit/all/stirling-castle/history-and-stories/","https://app-hes-pubs-prod-neu-01.azurewebsites.net/api/file/e9290b01-525b-482d-b054-b35600fe3ac6","counted"
"leuchtenburg-castle-1392","Leuchtenburg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/leuchtenburg-castle/","Wettin seizure of the Leuchtenburg from the Schwarzburgs' pledge-holder","1392","1392","Margrave Friedrich 'the Warlike' of Meissen (Wettins)","Heinrich von dem Paradies, Erfurt burgher, pledge-holder from 1389 (owner: counts of Schwarzburg)","stormed","","","y","y","siege ledger","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eMpWAAAAMAAJ","https://archive.org/details/bauundkunstdenk05lehfgoog","counted"
"caernarfon-castle-1401","Caernarfon Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caernarfon-castle/","Attack on Caernarfon in the Glyndŵr rising, 1401","","1401","Owain Glyndŵr's forces","English crown garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","An attack, not a sustained siege.","https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-423-732","","counted"
"conwy-castle-1401","Conwy Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/conwy-castle/","Seizure by Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur, Good Friday 1401","1401-04-01","1401-04-01","Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur (rebels of the Glyndŵr rising)","English crown garrison (Henry Percy, Hotspur, constable)","betrayed-or-surprised","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","a one-day seizure by ruse, not a siege","seized in one day","","https://archive.org/details/conwycastletownw0000ashb","https://archive.org/details/chroniconadaedeu00adamuoft","counted"
"conwy-castle-1401-b","Conwy Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/conwy-castle/","Recovery of Conwy from the ap Tudur brothers, spring 1401","1401","1401-05-28","Crown forces (Usk: 'the prince and the country'; DNB Percy: Hotspur)","Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","sources disagree: DNB 'a month's siege' vs Usk's dates, about eight weeks","DNB Percy: 'after a month's siege'","","https://archive.org/details/chroniconadaedeu00adamuoft","https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Percy,_Henry_(1364-1403)","counted"
"harlech-castle-1401","Harlech Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/harlech-castle/","Attack on Harlech averted by relief from Chester, December 1401","","1401-12-14","Owain Glyndŵr's rising","English crown garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","An attack, not a sustained siege. A relief force is recorded.","https://archive.org/details/historyofengland01wyli","https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.86828","counted"
"beaumaris-castle-1403","Beaumaris Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/beaumaris-castle/","Siege and (by presupposition) capture by rebels of the Glyndŵr rising, 1403","1403","1403","Rebels associated with Owain Glyndŵr","English crown garrison (constable for Henry Percy, per Lloyd)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-05/Castles%20and%20Town%20Walls%20of%20King%20Edward%20-%20MP%20-%20ENG.pdf","https://archive.org/details/owenglendowerowe0000jell","counted"
"caernarfon-castle-1403","Caernarfon Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caernarfon-castle/","Siege by Owain Glyndŵr's forces, 1403","1403","1403","Owain Glyndŵr's forces (French allies joined in 1403 or 1404, not assignable)","English crown garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","Taylor, Caernarfon Castle (Cadw)","https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/sam/FullReport?lang=en&id=3417","counted"
"palais-des-papes-1403","Palais des Papes","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/palais-des-papes/","Siege and blockade of Benedict XIII in the Palais des Papes, 1398-1403","1398-09","1403-03-11","Geoffroy Boucicaut, captain of Avignon, with the cardinals and citizens who had withdrawn obedience (French subtraction of obedience)","Pope Benedict XIII (Pedro de Luna) and his Aragonese and Catalan garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","more than a year","","Valois: 'depuis quatre ans et demi, enfermé' (before the escape of 11 March 1403)","A blockade. The besieged holder escaped.","https://palais-des-papes.com/9-papes-a-avignon/","https://archive.org/details/lafranceetlegran03valouoft","counted"
"harlech-castle-1404","Harlech Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/harlech-castle/","Harlech taken by Owain Glyndŵr's forces after a long siege, 1404","","1404","Owain Glyndŵr's forces (Wylie: rebels under 'Howel Vaghan' in the January 1404 treaty)","English crown garrison","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","'more than two years' is for two castles jointly","MP: 'after a long siege'; Wylie II: 'beset for more than two years' (two castles jointly)","","https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-05/Castles%20and%20Town%20Walls%20of%20King%20Edward%20-%20MP%20-%20ENG.pdf","https://archive.org/details/historyenglandu02wyligoog","counted"
"caernarfon-castle-1404","Caernarfon Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caernarfon-castle/","Second siege by Owain Glyndŵr's forces, 1404","1404","1404","Owain Glyndŵr's forces (with French allies; year of French involvement not assignable)","English crown garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","Taylor, Caernarfon Castle (Cadw)","https://cadw.gov.wales/sites/default/files/2019-05/Castles%20and%20Town%20Walls%20of%20King%20Edward%20-%20MP%20-%20ENG.pdf","counted"
"konigstein-fortress-1406","Königstein Fortress","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/konigstein-fortress/","Meissen blockade of the Bohemian castle of Königstein in the Dohna feud","","1406-03 (mid-March)","Margrave Wilhelm I 'the One-eyed' of Meissen","Bohemian crown garrison (captain Burgrave Jeschke von Dohna until he vanishes from the record, December 1403)","starved-out","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","A relief attempt failed.","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bxAbAAAAYAAJ","https://archive.org/details/sachsischegeschi0000unse","counted"
"harlech-castle-1409","Harlech Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/harlech-castle/","English recapture of Harlech, siege of 1408-09","1408","1409-02","English forces of Prince Henry (the future Henry V); final attack by Gilbert, Lord Talbot, and his brother John (Wylie)","Owain Glyndŵr's garrison (Sir Edmund Mortimer died during the siege)","uncertain","","artillery","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","Taylor, Harlech Castle (Cadw)","https://archive.org/details/historyofengland03wyliuoft","counted"
"kriebstein-castle-1415","Kriebstein Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/kriebstein-castle/","Seizure of Kriebstein by Dietrich von Staupitz in a feud with the castle's holder","1415 (carnival, Fastnacht)","1415 (carnival)","Dietrich von Staupitz auf Reichenstein","Apel Vitzthum (holder through his wife Clara von Beerwalde)","stormed","","betrayed-or-surprised","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/amtshauptmannsch00gurl_0","Walz, Burg Kriebstein, 1976","counted"
"kriebstein-castle-1415-b","Kriebstein Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/kriebstein-castle/","Recovery siege of Kriebstein by Landgrave and Margrave Friedrich 'the Elder' against Staupitz","1415","1415","Landgrave and Margrave Friedrich 'the Elder' of Meissen","Dietrich von Staupitz","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/amtshauptmannsch00gurl_0","Walz, Burg Kriebstein, 1976","counted"
"chateau-de-caen-1417","Château de Caen","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-caen/","Castle of Caen handed to Henry V after the siege of the town","","1417-09-19","Henry V, king of England (r. 1413-1422)","French garrison of Caen castle (not named in the guide)","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://caen.fr/actualite/les-dates-cles-de-lhistoire-de-caen","https://musee-de-normandie.caen.fr/le-chateau-de-caen/la-tour-de-la-reine-mathilde","counted"
"chateau-de-falaise-1418","Château de Falaise","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-falaise/","Siege of Falaise by Henry V","1417-12-01","1418-02-16","Henry V, King of England (r. 1413-1422)","French garrison of the castle (commander not named in the guide)","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","one to six months","","from 1 December 1417 to 16 February 1418 (castle); town yielded 2 January 1418","","https://archive.org/details/wylie-the-reign-of-henry-the-fifth-v-3","https://www.chateau-guillaume-leconquerant.fr/decouvrir-le-chateau/son-histoire-1-3.html","counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1419","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","English siege of Gisors (Henry V's conquest of Normandy)","","1419-02","English (Henry V's campaign; commander not named in the guide)","French (garrison not named)","surrendered","unrecorded","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","a siege of three weeks","","https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_1958_num_116_4_3845","https://www.ville-gisors.fr/chateau","counted"
"nuremberg-castle-1420","Nuremberg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/nuremberg-castle/","Raid and burning of the Burggrafenburg (burgrave's castle) in the Bavarian-Brandenburg feud","1420-10","1420-10","Wittelsbach keeper (Pfleger) of Lauf for Duke Ludwig VII 'the Bearded' of Bavaria-Ingolstadt","Burgrave Friedrich VI of Nuremberg (Hohenzollern)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","An attack, not a sustained siege. Damaged in the attack; the holder kept it.","https://www.kaiserburg-nuernberg.de/deutsch/burg/index.htm","https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/EN:Nuremberg_Castle","counted"
"hohenzollern-castle-1423","Hohenzollern Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/hohenzollern-castle/","Siege of the first Zollern castle by the Swabian imperial cities and Württemberg","1422 (summer)","1423-05-15","Swabian League of Cities (Swabian imperial cities) allied with Württemberg under Countess Henriette","Count Friedrich XII of Zollern, 'der Öttinger'","starved-out","unrecorded","","y","y","siege ledger","n","six to twelve months","","10 months (operator: '10 Monate lang belagert'); Zingeler: from summer 1422 to 15 May 1423","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://burg-hohenzollern.com/de/ueber-die-burg/geschichte-der-burg","https://digital.ub.uni-paderborn.de/download/pdf/7836983.pdf","counted"
"mont-saint-michel-1434","Mont-Saint-Michel","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/mont-saint-michel/","English blockade of the Mount and Lord Scales's assault","1424-09-12","1434-06-17","English forces under Bedford's regency; the 1434 assault by Thomas, Lord Scales (then captain of Domfront)","French garrison; captain Louis d'Estouteville (1434)","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","the end date is our judgment and the start date is disputed","effective blockade from 12 September 1424 (Luce); assault 17 June 1434","A blockade.","https://archive.org/download/chroniquedumonts01luce/chroniquedumonts01luce_djvu.txt","https://www.abbaye-mont-saint-michel.fr/decouvrir/histoire-du-monument","counted"
"chateau-de-falaise-1450","Château de Falaise","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-falaise/","French recapture of Falaise","","1450","French royal army (Charles VII)","English garrison (John Talbot, captain, then a prisoner of the French)","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofnati55stepuoft","DRAC Basse-Normandie, Bilan scientifique régional 2011","counted"
"chateau-de-caen-1450","Château de Caen","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-caen/","Charles VII recovers Caen","1450-06-05","1450-07-01","Charles VII, king of France (from 1422)","English garrison of Caen under the duke of Somerset","surrendered","on-terms","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","Chartier: siege laid 5 June 1450 ('Le cinquiesme jour de juin'); composition 25 June; town, castle and keep handed over 1 July","","https://caen.fr/actualite/les-dates-cles-de-lhistoire-de-caen","https://archive.org/details/chroniquedechar02char","counted"
"leuchtenburg-castle-1452","Leuchtenburg Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/leuchtenburg-castle/","Siege of the Leuchtenburg held by the Vitzthum brothers","1452-12","1452-12-16","Duke Wilhelm III and Elector Friedrich II of Saxony with the city of Erfurt","The Vitzthum brothers (pledge-holders; Bernhard von Vitzthum per Lehfeldt)","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","y","","","","Sources disagree on the year: 16 December 1452 (Deutsche Burgenvereinigung, 2016) or 1451 (Lehfeldt, 1888). Both say it was taken.","https://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/bus/article/download/87357/81731/233322","https://archive.org/details/bauundkunstdenk05lehfgoog","counted"
"chateau-du-haut-koenigsbourg-1462","Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-du-haut-koenigsbourg/","Siege and destruction of the robber-knights' Hohkönigsburg","1462","1462","Upper Rhine coalition: per Hoffmann 1902 the bishops of Strasbourg and Basel, Duke Sigismund of Austria (archduke only from 1477) and Wilhelm von Rappoltstein; per Baedeker 1905 'den oberrheinischen Städten'","Robber knights (Hoffmann names Reinhart Meie von Lambsheim)","abandoned","","artillery","y","y","siege ledger","n","","five days is the bombardment, not the siege","beschossen sie fünf Tage lang (Hoffmann 1902: the bombardment, not necessarily the whole siege)","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://www.haut-koenigsbourg.fr/histoire-du-chateau/larrivee-des-tierstein/","https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_801RAQAAIAAJ","counted"
"harlech-castle-1468","Harlech Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/harlech-castle/","Siege and surrender of Harlech to Lord Herbert, 1468","1468-07","1468-08-14","Yorkist force of William, Lord Herbert (commissioned July 1468)","Lancastrian garrison under Dafydd ab Ieuan ab Einion (Sir Richard Tunstall among the fifty taken)","surrendered","at-will","","n","y","siege ledger","n","up to about a month","","Taylor: 'held out for less than a month'; Cadw: 'succumbed in less than a month'","","https://archive.org/details/p2letterspapersill02stev","Taylor, Harlech Castle (Cadw)","counted"
"chateau-de-puilaurens-1473","Château de Puilaurens","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-puilaurens/","Aragonese attempt on Puilaurens, 1473","","1473","Aragonese forces","French royal garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","A failed attempt.","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/puilaurens/","","counted"
"chateau-de-queribus-1473","Château de Quéribus","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-queribus/","Aragonese seizure of Quéribus, c. 1473","","1473","Aragonese forces (Louis XI's Roussillon wars)","French royal garrison","uncertain","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/queribus/","","counted"
"chateau-de-puilaurens-1495","Château de Puilaurens","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-puilaurens/","Aragonese/Spanish attempt on Puilaurens, 1495","","1495","Aragonese/Spanish forces","French royal garrison","held","","","n","y","siege ledger","n","","","","A failed attempt.","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/puilaurens/","","counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1145","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","Gisors and the Norman Vexin pass to Louis VII by treaty","","1145","Louis VII, king of France (by treaty)","Geoffrey le Bel (Angevin party) / Norman side","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.persee.fr/doc/arcme_0153-9337_1990_num_20_1_975","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"framlingham-castle-1157","Framlingham Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/framlingham-castle/","Hugh Bigod's castles surrendered to / confiscated by Henry II","","1157","Henry II","Hugh Bigod, Earl of Norfolk","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","y","","","","Sources disagree on the year: Historic England dates it to Henry II's accession, The National Archives to 1157.","https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1030383","https://web.archive.org/web/20260513100429/https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/framlingham-castle/","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1161","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","Templars deliver Gisors to Henry II on the marriage of his son","","1161","Henry II (by treaty, through the Templar custodians)","Templars (Robert de Pirou, Tostes de Saint-Omer) holding for both kings","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/annalsofrogerdeh01hoveuoft","https://www.persee.fr/doc/arcme_0153-9337_1990_num_20_1_975","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-caen-1204","Château de Caen","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-caen/","Caen surrendered to Philip Augustus","","1204-05","Philip II Augustus, king of France","King John's Caen (garrison and commander not named)","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","An army was present.","https://caen.fr/actualite/les-dates-cles-de-lhistoire-de-caen","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-falaise-1204","Château de Falaise","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-falaise/","Falaise surrendered to Philip Augustus (conquest of Normandy)","","1204-05","Philip II Augustus of France","Louvrecaire, mercenary captain, left in charge by the seneschal, for King John","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","after seven days","An army was present.","https://archive.org/details/lossofnormandy00powi","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateaux-de-lastours-1211","Châteaux de Lastours","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateaux-de-lastours/","Submission of Cabaret, 1211","","1211","Simon de Montfort and the crusade army (about to besiege)","Pierre-Roger de Cabaret","handed-over-without-siege","on-terms","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","An army was present.","https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38313","https://www.les4chateauxdelastours.fr/decouvrir-les-4-chateaux/","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-foix-1215","Château de Foix","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-foix/","Foix in Church custody, delivered to Simon de Montfort, 1214-1215","1214","1215","Papal legate; Simon de Montfort","Raymond-Roger, count of Foix","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38313","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-peyrepertuse-1217","Château de Peyrepertuse","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-peyrepertuse/","Submission of Guillaume de Peyrepertuse to Simon de Montfort, 1217","","1217-05-22","Simon de Montfort","Guillaume de Peyrepertuse","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.peyrepertuse.com/monument/","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-peyrepertuse-1240","Château de Peyrepertuse","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-peyrepertuse/","Final submission of Guillaume de Peyrepertuse, 16 November 1240","","1240-11-16","Royal forces of Louis IX (after the failed Trencavel siege of Carcassonne)","Guillaume de Peyrepertuse (in revolt; the castle had been bought by Louis IX in 1239)","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.peyrepertuse.com/monument/","https://www.peyrepertuse.com/peyrepertuse-une-des-8-forteresses-royales-du-languedoc-candidates-pour-l-unesco/","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-puilaurens-1250","Château de Puilaurens","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-puilaurens/","Puilaurens passes to the French crown, c. 1250","","1250","French crown (Louis IX)","lords of Puilaurens (Roger Catala held it in 1242, per the guide)","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.chateau-puilaurens.com/pr%C3%A9parer-sa-visite/histoire/","https://forteressesroyalesdulanguedoc.fr/decouvrir/les-forteresses/puilaurens/","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"caerphilly-castle-1271","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","Castle put in the custody of two bishops by Henry III, late October 1271","1271-10","1271-10","Henry III (custody to the bishops of Coventry and Lichfield and of Worcester)","Gilbert de Clare","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://archive.org/details/caerphillycastle0000renn","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-foix-1272","Château de Foix","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-foix/","Philip III against Roger-Bernard III of Foix, 1272","1272","1272-06-07","Philip III of France","Roger-Bernard III, count of Foix; castle left in the keeping of Pierre de Durban","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","An army was present.","Puylaurens, trans. Duvernoy (CNRS)","Puylaurens, trans. Duvernoy (CNRS)","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-langeais-1428","Château de Langeais","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-langeais/","Langeais recovered from armed bands (Hundred Years' War)","","1428","Charles VII (recovery by purchase)","armed bands (unnamed) occupying the fortress","handed-over-without-siege","","","y","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","Razed or slighted afterward.","https://www.chateau-de-langeais.com/presentation/","","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"bodiam-castle-1483","Bodiam Castle","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/bodiam-castle/","Royal commission against Bodiam during Buckingham's rebellion (1483)","1483-11-08","","Richard III's commissioners (Thomas, Earl of Surrey and others) to levy men in Kent and Sussex","Rebels holding Bodiam for Sir Thomas Lewknor","handed-over-without-siege","","","n","n","handed over without a siege","n","","","","","https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/sussex/bodiam-castle/history-of-bodiam-castle","https://archive.org/details/bodiamanditslor00lowegoog","handed over without a siege, not counted"
"chateau-de-gisors-1123","Château de Gisors","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-gisors/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: outside the scope rule"
"chateaux-de-lastours-1209","Châteaux de Lastours","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateaux-de-lastours/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: our guide does not narrate this siege"
"chateau-de-foix-1210","Château de Foix","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-foix/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: not a siege"
"chateaux-de-lastours-1229","Châteaux de Lastours","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateaux-de-lastours/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"gutenfels-castle-1252","Gutenfels Castle (then Burg Kaub)","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/gutenfels-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"sooneck-castle-1254","Sooneck Castle","Germany","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/sooneck-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"caerphilly-castle-1295","Caerphilly Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/caerphilly-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: outside the scope rule"
"conwy-castle-1295","Conwy Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/conwy-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"dunnottar-castle-1297","Dunnottar Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/dunnottar-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"urquhart-castle-1332","Urquhart Castle","Scotland","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/urquhart-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"chateau-de-caen-1346","Château de Caen","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-caen/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"tower-of-london-1381","Tower of London","England","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/tower-of-london/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: outside the scope rule"
"chateau-des-baux-de-provence-1393","Château des Baux-de-Provence","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-des-baux-de-provence/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"beaumaris-castle-1405","Beaumaris Castle","Wales","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/beaumaris-castle/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"
"chateau-de-foix-1486","Château de Foix","France","https://stonekeepatlas.com/castles/chateau-de-foix/","","","","","","","","","","n","left out","","","","","","","","not counted: no source we could reach confirms a siege of the castle as the guide tells it"